Gas turbine-operating system.



PAT-ENTED MAY l, 1906.

H. E. BLACKWELL. GAS-TURBINE OPERATING SYSTEM.

APPLIUATION FILED MAB.. 14, 1904.

7 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Vunullllllllllm H. F. BLACKWELL.

GAS TURBINE OPERATING SYSTEM.

APPLIOATION FILED M1244, 19o4 l 7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

lf v// l PATBNTED MAY i, 1906.

H. P. BLAGKWBLL.

GAS TURBINB OPERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MALE, 1904.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

f NNN ...A

willi 1 WM, w A @d No. 819,202. PATENTED MAY l, 1906. H. P. BLACKWBLL. GAS TURBINE OPERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB..14, 1904.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

No. 819,202. PATENTED MAY l, 1906. H. F. BLACKWELL.

GAS TURBINE OPERATING SYSTEM.

' APPLICATION FILED MAR.14,1904.

7 SHEETS*SHEET 5.

f TTM...

No. 819,202. PATENTED MAY 1, 1906. H. P. BLAGKWELL. GAS TURBINE OPERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MARJA, 1904.

7 SHEETS-SHEET .v

No. 819,202. PATENTBD MAY l, 1906. H. P. BLACKWELL.

GAS TURBINE OPERATING SYSTEM. APPLIUATION FILED M314, 1904.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GAS TUFBlNE-OPERATINGn SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Iratenteoi May 1,1906.

Application tiled March 14, 1904. Serial No. 198,092.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY F. BLAcKwELL, a citizen of the United States, residing in New York, Manhattan borough, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas Turbine-Operating Systems, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention pertains to an organization of devices designed for the conversion into power of the high velocity of discharge through small orifices of the roducts of combustion of a suitable fuel. uch results I accomplish by the action and reaction exerted by the moving products of combustion against wings or rejections, some of which are upon a rotata le body, and which 'movable projections, in conjunction with iixed elements of the same character, constitute the translating device of the organization.

The combustion of the fuel may be effected by a suitable i nition device-such, for instance, as any o those well known in the arts. The heat of the combustion-chamber itself, to which the combustible mixture is admitted under compression, may also be used for that purpose, and, if desired, the mixture ma be compressed to the point of ignition an the burning gas admitted to the combustion-chamber, thls latter method being particularly applicable where the gas mixture is a slow-burning one.

With respect to that feature ofthe present organization which constitutes the translating device thereof I contemplate the employment of either the radial or parallel flow type of turbine, such motors by a suitable adaptation of construction to the greatly higher temperatures met with bei'ng rendered available to the utilization of the products of comlusion of a combustible mixture as a motive While I do not intend limiting the practice of the present invention to any specic type or construction of turbine, I have as one of the elements of one embodiment of the present organization illustrated a -novel type of such motor, the same comprising a conical casing or fixed element and a similar rotary element, between which two there is a space gradually increasing in width from'the point of admission to the point of exhaust. Projecting from the interior conical surfaceof the casing and from the exterior conical surface of the conical rotary element are suitable wm s or projection-s disposed at the proper.

cation of the organization a plurality of interconvertible compressors and engines are illustrated, each of which by a proper manipular tion of the controlling mechanism may be run as an engine or as a compressor, and inasmuch as each of such devices is at will convertible from one to the other an desired combination may be made-that 1s to sa one or more may operate as engines, whi e the others are being used as compressors or are running li ht-such engine or engines being available or initiatin or starting in motion the moving part o the motor, after which the power-transmitting'part of the organization can be connected with the latter. These various features, combined with others comprised in the present invention, are illustrated 1n the drawings accompanying the present specification, in which drawings there are shown embodiments of the invention.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is mainly a lon- `tudinal section, the plane of the section coinciding with the axis of the main drivingshaft. Fig. 2 is a section on the plane of the line 2 2 in Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrow adjacent to that line. Fig. 3 is a section on the plane of the line 3 3 in Fi 1 looking in the direction of the arrow a jacent to that line. Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of a valve-plate and the means for actuating the same, this valve controlling by its movement the ingress of motive iiuid, the period of compression, and the :exhaust from the com resslon-cylinder with which it is combine Fig. 5 is an elevational View representing the rotary element of the particu lar form of turbine indicated in the preceding views, onl one row of win s vor projections on such e ement, however, eing indicated, the change in angular direction of such projections occurring progressivel from the smaller to the larger end of the e ement. Fig. 6 is, a sectional view illustrating a modied form-'of rotary compressor for delivering' a continuous su ply to the combustion-chamber. Fig. 7 il ustrates, partlyin section-and pzlartly in elevation, the rotar;r compressonof g. 6, together with the induction and eductin s stem connected there'wthi 4a longitudinal sectional view, npn 'animamo- IDO' IIO

' venter device indicated in Fig. 7.

before illustrated, the embodiment set forth in com rising as one ofits features a plu'-- ra ty of cy lnders each one of which is convertible (by a proper manipulation of suitable controlling-valves) from a compressor Y' into an engine, and vice versa.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view on the lane o'f the line 11 11 in Fig. 1() looking in t e direction of the arrow adjacent to that line. Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional view taken lon 'tudinally of the drivin -shaft and showing t e valve system at the ottom of one of the interconvertible compression and en e cylinders. Fig. 13.is .an enlarged detai vew .of one of the valve stem actuatin levers, illustrating means for adjusting t e effective length `of the lever. Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of such lever. Fig. 15 is a detail view illustrating the manner in which a valve-stem is connected with the valve-head lor valve proper. Fig. 16 shows the 'three cams that operate the pump element when usedas an engine, also showing diagrammatically the operations thereof. Fig. 17 shows vthe three cams operating the pumping element when used as a'compressor, with a diagram showing the operation; and Fig. 18 shows the three cams that operate the pump element when used merely to pump air intov the turbine, with a diagram showing the o eration. Similar .characters of reference designate corresponding arts in all figures.

In a genera way the present invention may be said to include a turbine adapted to use as a motive fiuid the products of combustion of a combustible aseous mixture .and means for supplying t ereto one .or more streams of thegaseous products which by their action and reaction against the movable and fixed blades of the turbine cause the rotation of the rotary element of the latter, and hence of the main or turbine shaft. Suitable devices are provided for compressing the combustible material and for forc' the ,compressed gases into a ,combustion-e amber, from which the resultant products pass through suitable discharge -orifices .to the turbine.

Referring' at the outset to the specific organization illustrated in Figs. 1' and 5, inclusive, 2 designates a suitable main shaft supported by standards 3 and 4, rising from a ase-plate 5. Owing to the high speed a-t eiaaoe I which this main or turbine shaft is designed to run, it is advisable to so mount the latter as to permit of'a slight lateral play, and thus' permit free rotation of the shaft, even though the shaft and the parts secured thereto be not in perfect balance. The mounting indicated is one that has been adapted'forthis purpose.

lEach journal portionof Athe shaft is ,encircled by a series of disks 6, alternate disks being of somewhat less external diameter than'the diameter of the opening in the standard 1 in which it fits and having lthe diameter -of its bore (through which the shaft extends) substantially the same .as thaty of the shaft, while the intermediate disks have an external diameter substantially equal to that .of the opening in the'standard anda bore diameter somewhat greater than that of the journal portion of the shaft. Such a journalmounting will permit a slight lateral play of the shaft, while preventin the escape of the gases longitudinally of t e shaft. A

l wheel 7 may also be secured to the shaft.-

Extending between the standards 3 and 4 is a conical casing 8,- constituting the fixed element of the turbine whose movable element consists of a cone 9, (preferably hollow and -provided with end heads 10 and 11, respectively, and an intermediate support 12,) sec cured to the shaft. The angle of the conical rotary .element is somewhat different from the angle of the interior conical surface of the fixed element-that is to say, the latter isr somewhat less tapering than the former- .v

thus forming increasing cross-sectional space between the contiguous surfaces of the two elements from the smaller toward the'larger Iend of the fixed cone. Adjacent. to-` thev4 IOO smaller end of the cone is located the comy bustion-chamber 13, from which the products of combustion pass through orifices 14 in an orifice-plate 15 to the annular space be-v. tween the contiguous conical surfaces aforesaid, while adjacent to the opposite end of the cone is the exhaust-chamber- 16, which IIO preferably increases in cross-sectionalarea from a point farthest away from the exhaustoutlet 17 toward the latter. Extending inwardly from the inner surface of the fixed part 8 of the .turbine are suitable wings or projections 18, disposed in circularfrows the planes of which are transverse to theaxis' and between which wings are located respective rows of vanes 19, extendingoutwardly from the conical surface of the rotary part 9.

moreover, that the velocity of the -vanes atl the exhausting end of the cone, assuming the n. angular velocity of the shaft to remainfcon-'z stant, is greater than that of those nearerI thel smaller end. The increasing annular space, 'in 'j conjunction with the increased velocity fafore- 3. r o

said, rovides an expansionspace for increase in voliime of the motive fluid as it approaches the exhaust-outlet. The interior o the combustion-chamber is provided with an incombustible lining 20 and is fed with a compressed gaseous mixture by suitable means. The eompressin means provided in the figures now being eseribed comprises a air of compression-cylinders 21 21, mounte upon respective brackets 22 22, extending from the framing of the mechanism and each having a trunk-piston 23, to a cross-pin 24' of which is journaled a connectingrod 25, driven from a corresponding crank-pin 26, extending between crank-disks 27, secured to a shaft 28. One of the ends of this shaft is journaled in an upright 29, while the other end is supported by a gear-easin 30, the contents of which will hereinafter e described. The two compression-cylinders 'are arranged at an angle to each other, and each is provided adjacent to its bottom with a port 31, leading to a carbureter 32. Each port 31 is controlled by a valve-plate 33, which in one position opens communication through the ort 34 between the carbureter and the space below the ascending piston as the piston descends. The valve having been shifted, the charge is compressed and ultimately passes to the combustion-chamber by way of port 35. This action on the part of each cylinder continues during the running of the ap aratus. The valve-plate 33 may be operate in any suitable manner, the means here shown for the purpose comprising a lever 36, ivoted intermediate its ends to a fixed brac et 37, and engaging at one Aend by means of a forked construction 38 Withacross-pin 3,9 on the valve, While at its opposite end the lever is provided with a roller 40, bearing against a cam 41, secured to a cam-shaft 42. i ring 43. insures the engagement of the rofler with the cam. The cam-shaft 42 is driven from the aforesaid shaft 28 by means of a bevel-gear 43, secured to the latter shaft and driving, through a corresponding bevel-wheel 44., an intermediate shaft 45, mounted in bearings 46 46 and transmitting motion to the associated cam-shaft by means of the pair of bevel-gears 47 and 48. The carbureter 32 may be of any suitable construction and is provided with a fuel-intake 49 and an air-intake 50, and of course suitable controllingvalves will be .inserted where required. I have shown means for preheating the mixture before the latter passes to the compression-cylinder, this being accomplished by leading the exhaust or a portion of it from the turbine through a pipe 51 to the carbureter, from one side to the other ofwhich it passes b means of a number of communicating pipes 52, exhaust finally taking place to the atmosphere through a conduit 53, which enters an exhaust-pipe 54. For the purpose of varying the speed or rate at which delivery of the compressed air and gases is made to the turblne a speed-changing mechanism may constituteone of the features or elements of the organlzation. In this instance the speedchangmg mechanism is located in the gearcase 30, already mentioned, and is operated from the turbine-shaft 2 inI the following manner: Secured to this shaft 2 is a 0ear-wheel 55, meshing with a gear 56, secured to a shaft 57, mounted in the upright 29 and the sides of the said easing. This latteris mounted on the fixed element of the turbine, and within the same is located a stepped series of gears, designated Without discrimination by 58, and secured .to the shaft 57. Meshing with the series of gears 58 is a reciprocal series 59, each comprising a gear-ring 60. A friction-clutch is associated with each gear-ring, the clutch construction illustrated comprising a set of resilient friction-segments 61, upon the exterior surface of which each gear-ring 60 may run loosely when the clutch is in its inoperative or 0H position. For the purpose of shifting the clutch to its operative position, and thereby rigidly securing the gear-ring to the transmitting-shaft 28, the ends of each clutch-segment 61 are ivotally connected with levers 62 62, each aving an eccentric journalportion adjacent to its pivotal connection with a flanged collar 63 and the eccentric portion of one lever bearing yagainst the eccentric portion of a contiguous lever. Each pair of the said levers bears against a corresponding pin 64, whose inner end projects into the bore of the hollow extension 65 of the transmitting-shaft 28. In order to thrust outward all the pins 64, which thus serve to connect a flanged collar ri idly with the gearring mounted upon it, a plunger 66, mounted to slide in the bore of the extension of the transmitting-shaft, has at each end a conical face, which by the actuation of the operatingbar 67, rigid with the plunger, wedges any desired set of pins outwardly and operates a clutch in the manner described. The operating-bar 67 is manually shiftable by suitable l'IO means, here shown to consist of a pivoted le- 1 ver 68, connected by a link 69 with the bar 67 (the latter being guided in a bracket 70) and which lever may be shifted to engage its sprlngressed latch 71 with that notch in the notche sector 72 correspondin to the position which the plunger 66 shou d assume to hold on the desired clutch.

In starting up the engine a hand-crank may be temporarily connected with the squared end 73 of the transmitting-shaft 28, the lever 68 havin been previously adjusted to a position in which the gears 59 are disconnected from the transmltting shaft. The latter upon being turned operates to coinpress the mixed air and fuel charges, forcing the same into the combustion chamber, from which after combustion the products of combustion pass to and actuate the turbine.

IIS

lmay be utilized for effecting the combustion of the mixture-that is to say, an ignition -device may be combined with the apparatus to fire the mixture, or the compression may be carried sufficiently high to obtain a temperature adequate for combustion, or, again, the heat of the combustion-chamber after the temperature thereof has been raised to the necessary degree may be utilized for firing the mixture.

When single-acting compression-cylinders are used for compressing the mixture, the latter is delivered in theform of lcharges more or less intermittently to the combustion-chamber. ploy a continuously-operating compression device. This is especially desirable when it is contemplated that the mixture shall be delivered in a constant stream to the combustion-chamber-for instance, when a continuously-burning mixture is used in the engine. Such a continuously-operating compression device may-consist of, a rotary compressor, such as indicated in a general way in Figs. 6 and 7, in which 74 designates a casing within which is mounted a plair of recessed rolls 75 and 76, geared toget er by gears 77 77, the former of the two rolls being secured to the transmitting-shaft 28. It'is not deemed necessary to further describe the construction.

of this compressor, since it may be of any of those Well known in the arts. Suflice it here to say that 78 is the induction-pipe leading to the compression device, the same being interposed between the latter and the carbureter 32, while the outlet 79 from the compressor leads to a combustion-chamber 13 through an interposed back-fire preventer 80, preferably placed close to thesaid combustion-chamber. In the construction illustrated this back-lire preventer comprises heads 81 81, a connecting-shell 82, a series of disks 83 of material, such as asbestos, held in position by opposed sheets 84 of gauze, the various parts being held in proper position byseparating-rings 85.

In Fig. 9 a turbine of the disk type is indi.- dicated, and the conventional illustration which that figure depicts also discloses a system for automatically controlling the supply of compressed air and the fuel to the combustion-chamber. turbine or main shaft provided with bearings 86 86, whose construction is substantially like the bearings described with reference to the shaft in the preceding figures. The turbine is designated in a general way by 87, the same comprising a plurality of rotary disks 88, secured to the turbine-shaft and provided with wings or projections 89, these disks being located between fixed disk-like parts 90, provided with wings or projections 91. The parts 90 are secured within the turbine-casing 92, and the various wings or projections of the expansion-space.

As a modified construction I may em- As before, 2 designates the are disposed at a proper angle to each other.. to cause, through the effect of action and reaction, the rotation of the rotary disks and the shaft to which theyare attached, while the radial depth ofthe wings from the inlet end of the turbine to the exhaust end thereof may be increased to obtain a gradual increase Theexhaust-s 'ace is, as before, designated by 16, While 17 ewise indicates the exhaust-openin from the turbine-casing.. The combustion-c amber 93 may be provided With'a heat-resisting lining 94. A worm-gear 95 onthe shaft 2 meshes. with a worm-wheel 96, which serves to drive, through a connecting-rod 97, a compressor 98, which delivers air'throu h a conduit 99 to an air-tank 100. Air for t e combustion of the fuel in the combustion-.chamber passesI through a conduit 101, provided with a pressure-gage 102 and a shut-off valve 103, the

connection of this conduit with the combustion-chamber being made by means of a mixing-head 104. From the fuel-tank 105 a conduit 106 leads to said mixing-head 104, ka shut-olif valve 107 being provided in this conduit, while the pressure in the fuel-tank is indicated by a gage 108. For the purpose of automatically regulating the supply of fuel and compressed air to the combustion-chamber I have indicated suitable pressure-regulatin devices controlled in their operation by the c anges in pressure occurring in the combustion-chamber, with the result that as the pressure therein lowers the throttling of the air and fuel supply grows less in amount, and a greater quantity of the two iiuids is permitted to pass to the chamber. the rise of pressure Within the chamber above that at which it is designed that it shall bel maintained operates to cut oif the supply` of the two fluids. In the organization illustrated a' pressure-regulating valve 109 is interposed in the conduit 101, the controllingpressue of the combustion-chamber contents having entrance to the regulator by means of a conduit 110, connecting with the'conduit 111, leading from the combustion-chamber. Ashut-oli'` valve is designated by 1 12. Similarly, a pressure-regulating valve 1 13 is interposed in the fuel-supply conduit 106, this regulating-valve being opened to the pressure within the combustion-chamber through the said conduit 111.v A pressure-gage 114 indicates the pressure Within the combustionchamber. The products of combustion within the chamber pass directly to the turbine through a port 214, provided with a shut-off valve 115. No specific description of these .regulating-valves is deemed necessary, since they may be any of those well known in the arts and adapted to the purpose.

In the remaining there is set forth an organization comprising a set of interconvertible compressors and engine-cylinders, Withwhich there is combined figures of `the drawings Conversely,

incloses the stem of each valve.

means for brin g the parts into such relation as to enablenany one cylinder to be run either as an explosive-engine or a s a compressor, or, on the other hand, permit the cylinder to run idle. Such a capacit .1s p artlcularly suited for starting the tur lne 1n motion, since one or more of the cylinders may be run as engines for the purpose of settin in motion and speeding up the rota part o the turbine, (the remaining cylin ers running idle,) after which the cylinders may be in succession converted into compressors, whereby the work put upon the motor is gradually increased, and at the same time the quantity of com ressed air necessary to sup ply the fuel wit the proper quantity of air 1s increased. In the organization illustrated two sets of two cylinders each are indicated, the two sets disposed at an angle to each other and beln located upon opposite sides of the turbine-s aft. Since in the present instance the construction of one set is substantially identical with that of the other, it will be understood that the description of one applies to the other` Furthermore, the turbine, turbine-shaft, change-gears, shafts comprised therein, mounting, &c.,' being substantially like the corres onding parts described with reference to Figs. 1 to 9 no further description of these parts will be given, parts in Figs. 10 and 11 having the'same designating characters applied to them as analogous parts in the first figures of the drawin s` Each cylinder 300 of the pair at each side is provided with a set of three valves-a valve 116, controlling the entrance of the air; a valve 117, that of the fuel, and a valve 118, that of the exhaust to the combustion-chamber. Each of these valves is provided with a corresponding stem 120, which is grooved at 121 to receive one or more pins 122 to thereby enable the valve to rotate with reference to the stem and permit it to" change its relation with reference to its seat for the purpose of minimizing any tendency to uneven wearing of the valve-surface. A stufiin -box 123 he valve 116 is worked from a cam 124, the valve 1.17 from a cam 125, and the valve 118 from a cam 1 26. The connection between each valve, stem and its corresponding cam is had through a lever,(there being a separate lever for each cam and its associated valve-stem.) These levers are of a conformation such that they will properly coperate at one end with the corresponding cam, while intermediate its ends the lever is connected with its valvestem. The levers are designated without discrimination by 128, all the levers at one side being pivotally mounted on a shaft 129, extending between standards 130 and similarly at the other vside. A prolongation of each valve-stem is guided by a guide-plate 131 through perforations in which the valvestems pass, While each prolongation has a spring 132 inserted between a head 133 and t e guide-plate. Cross-pins 134 pass transversely through slotted members 135, secured to the respective stems, and enga e with the walls of respective slots 1 36 in tlgie levers. Each valve-stem may be provided with a nut 137 for adjusting the position of` particular cam which The cams'controlling the valves of one cylinder are adjustable longitudinally of the axis of a shaft 141 independently of the valves for the other cylinder at that side.

This may be effected by the following conl struction: One set of cams (that at the iight in Fig. 10) is secured to a sleeve 142, adjustable axially of the shaft 141, but compelled to rotate therewith by a pin or feather and slot connection. (Not shown.) The set of cams at the left in Fi 10, however, are secured directly to the s aft 141, which is lonitudinall movable in a bearing 143, and the ub of Ya evel-gear 144, (with which it has feather-and-slot connection,) this bevel-gear bein mounted in an upright 145. Longitudina adjustment of the sleeve 142 is effected through the shifting of a lever 146, provided with a slot 147, into which projects a pin 301, extending from ring loosely mounted in a collar 148, rlgid with the sleeve, the lever being provided with a latch 149, adapted to engage V:o5 from the supporting-base of the apparatus.

with notches in a locking-bar 150, erected Similarly a ever 151 is provided with a slot 152, into which projects a pin 302, extending from a ring looselmounted in a collar 153 of the shaft 141. Tl'ii adapted to engage with anyone of the notches provided for it in said locking-bar.

It beingadvisable to disenga e the camrollers from the set of cams bef-bre shifting the same, means are provided for lifting prior to the movement of the adjusting-lever the rollers from the cams.

lever 306.

Motion is transmitted to the bevel gear 144 on the shaft 141 throu h acompanion.

bevelear 156, secured to a s aft 157, driven throug bevel-gears 158 1,59, the latter being secured to a shaft 160, driven from the shaft 28 of the apparatus.

Each connecting-rod 25 is jointed to aproper crank on the shaft 28, and the latter s lever carries a latch 154,

IIC

IIS

Adapted to bear f against the under side of the roller-carrying" levers of each set is the swinging bar 303 of a corresponding pivoted frame 304, which is, connected by llnks 305 with a pivoted foot'- lmay two "cemple'te reciprocation's, corres may be provided a Aiiy-wheil 162,

the shaft by means ofthe clutch-,operating lever.

Each of the cams.124, 125, and 126 has three different portions that engage with rts coperating rol positions. The three portlons of the first cam Vare designated 224, 324, and 424, the parts of the intermediate cam are designated 225, 325, and 425, and lthe 'three parts of the third cam are designated 226, 326, and 426.

vthat .the latter makes one revolution ito two of 'the driving-shaft. Hence 'for one revolution of the cam the pistons will each make Onding to four cycles. Referring now 'to ig. 156, during Ythe first cycle or upward vmovement of the iston .the cam 224 will move throngih the Erst quarter-of a revolution. ln this iigure the normaljposition of the roller Y138,

holding the valveclose'd, is represented 'by a v circle in full lines, while the circle in broken lines represents the position it will assume 'by reason of a depression of the cam, lthereby permitting opening the valve coperating with such .ro'ler. this first quarter'o a :revolution (designated y a) it will be seen during a portion of said movement.

that the 'roller depresses and-opens the valve 116, thereby admitting air to the cylinder, which will be drawn in-by reason of the 'iston ascending and Icreating a vacuum. uring this quarter movement the roller 1'38, connected with the valve 117 and engaging the ca'm 225, will be depressed through a small portion of this movement lof 'the cam, which will therefore admit of fuel being drawn This depression 1s shown considerably less than .the whole of this quarter movement for the Vpurose of obtaining a proper mixture of air and el. This proportion can fbe arranged as preferred, and it is found convenient to open the fuel-valve for about one-eighth ofthe time that the airvalve is opened. This movement of the piston is represented by the first incline of the diagram in this figure. The second cycle, in which the piston moves downwardly, is represented by the second incline of the diagram, during which time the cam will move through the second quarter of a revolution, (designated by b.) Itwill fbeo'bserved that the periphery of 'both 'of the cams 224 Aand 225 contain no depression duri-ng this second quarter-that is, the rollers .1 38

be engaged with and disengaged from er 138 in its respective three #these cams is -in one position-fori era'te the valves 116, 117,-and 1 1'8,

v aimee closed. Asthepiston descends it will therefore compress the mixture of air and fuel in the c linder.v It is necessary to explode this mixture at about this stage of the o eration,

andlit vma take place .just before t e end of the secon cycle. This may be accomplished by 'means of a spark-plug 171, operated by any of the `Well-known forms of commutator. (Not shown.) The third cycle (indicated by the third incline of the diagram) is that of exde'r, Eby which :means .the Ward. 'During :this thir cam movement it will bessen that the cams 224 and .225 conti-nue Ito 'hold the valves -115 and 117 closed; but the .third cam, 226, that during the iirst and asecond quarter movements Ienga ed lits coperating roller 138 toholdthe va ve 1'18 closed, `now during the third 'quarter lmovement of this 'cam will allow the va'lv'e -to open, preferably `at 4the latter 'part of its movement, whereby the expand-ingases will 'be permitted to ass :into the com ustion -fcha'mber 15, and) conseuently .to act on the vanes of' the turbine. f n the *fourth and flast cycle d the cams 225 and 226 Will act on their en aging rollers 13'8 to lretain the valves 117 .an 118 closed; ybut duri-ng 'this movement cam 224 by' reason of .its depression will permit valve 116 to open, and since the piston 'isdescending the gases in the cylinder will 'be exhausted to the atmosphere through the air-admission port of *this valve. rom this it will be understood that the cylinder will act as an ordinary four-cycle explosive-engine, which will not only serve through the change-gear system to positively drive the turbine, Ibut the exhaust from the cylinder will also tend to rotate the turbine by reason of the expanding gases being admitted to the turbine to act thereon' during the -latter part of the active or expansion stroke of the piston.

After the turbine thas been speeded'up to a certain rate the lever 149 is shifted to a middle position, throwing the cams justfreferred to out of engaging position with the three rollers 138 and lbrin ing the latter into engagement with the t ee cams 324, 325, and 326. these cams is as follows: During the first cycle lor quarter-turn it will be seen that the (piston is driven thus admitting air under the ascending piston, and the roller engagin the cam 325 is also Ade ressed to admlt fue to the cylinder under t e iston. The construction of these cams for t e first quarter of their periphery iis identical with the cams 224 andl 225, Whereby the proper mixture of air and fuel Will be drawn into the cylinder duri-ng the ascent of the piston. At the second cycle the cams 324 and '325 will hold the valves 116 and 117 closed; but on vthe engaging portion of the -roller 138 is depressed to open the valve 116,

' A'Wild be held in position to retain l'the valves pension by the xexploded gases inthe cylinquarter c of tE'e roov IIO

(Shown in Fig. 17.) The operation of cam 326 is a depression at the lower part thereof thatfwill permit the valve 1 18 to open du the latter portions of the second cycle. e result of this will be that d the descent of the piston for the larger part o its movement the mixture will be hly compressed until the valve 1 18 o ens, w ereupon this com ressed mixture be ejected 1nto the exp osive chamber 15 of the turbine. This will cause the piston and cylinder to perform the function of a compressor by the mere act of shifting the cams 224, 225, and 226 out of e agement with the three rollers and t e cams 324, 325, and 326 into position to engage these rollers yIn other Words, the device is converted from a prime mover or engine into a force-pump or compressor, or vice versa, by the mere shift of the shaft carrying these three cams. en the mechanism operates as a compressor, the ignition apparatus is thrown ont of operation. The c linder and piston with the three valves can also be caused to act to pump or force air alone into the combustion-chamber and turbine, when it is desired to do so, for the purpose of cleaning the same by further shifting the cam-carrying shaft andbringing the three rollers into enga ement `with the cams 424, 425, and 426. (S own in 18.) The cam 425 has a continuous surface that will coperate with the roller connected with the valve 117 to keep this valve closed, as it is not necessary to admit any fuel at this operation. The cam 424 serves to open the valve 116 dur`mg the first cycle, during which time the cam 426 holds the valve 1 18 closed. During the next cycle these conditions are reversed, valve 116 being closed and valve 118 open, whereby the air drawn into the cylinder on the ascent of the piston will now be forced into the combustion-chamber and turbine during the descent of the iston. The next two c clespmay be similalll arranged, air wn in at the thirdl cycle and forced into the combustion-chamber during the fourth.

There being four separate cylinders, each its set of three valves with the means for causing the cylinders to perform either of the three functionsahove described, these may be caused to all act as prime movers or engines or to operate as compressors, as desired. It hasy been found convenient to operate one or two of such elements as an ene, while the others o erate as compressors uring the starting of the turbine, and when sufficient 'speed is attained the levers are shifted to cause all of the elements to act as compressors, which is their principal function- Ha thus described my invention, I clsmng 1. The combination of an explosive-ene, a pumping element operatively connectedwith the engine-shaft, an adjusting device,

2. The combination of an explosive-.en-

gine, a pumping element normally connected with the shaft of the engine, an adjusting device, means d to cause the pumping element to feed explosive mixture to the engine when said devlce is in one position, and when said device is in another position to cause the pumping element to operate as an explosive-engine and means for causing the gases operating said element to act on said exvplosive-engine.

3.4 The combination of an explosive-engine, a pump` element operatively connected with the sha of the engine, a set of valves for the pum ing element, a set of cams actuated from the engine-shaft and arranged to operate said valves to cause the pumping element to feed explosive mixture to the engine, a set of cams actuated from the engine-shaft and arranged to cause the pump' element to operate as a rime mover an thereby drive the engine-siiaft, and means for shifting the sets of cams into position to operate the valves. A

4. The combinaton of an explosve-ene, a um e emento erative conrgllgzted wlith iiiiggshaft of the Idngine, ayset of valves for the pumping element, a set of cams actuatedfrom the en `neshaft and arranged to operate said va ves to cause the pumping element to feed explosive mixture to the engineI a second set of cams actuated from the engine-shaft, and arranged to cause the pumpi element to operate as a prime mover and t ereby drive the engine-shaft, a third set of cams actuated -from the engineshaft and arranged to operate said valves to cause the pumping element. to feed air to said explosive-engine, and means for shifting the sets of cams to bring them into position to operate the valves. l j

5. The combination of an explosive-engine, apumping element, an adjustable device, means arranged to cause the pumping elementto act as a prime mover and drive the engine-shaft when said device is in one postxon, and when said device is shifted to another osition to cause the pumpin .element to fee ex losive mixture to the engine, a fly- Wheel, and) means for connecting and disconnecting the fly-wheel with the pumping element. a

6. The' combination of an explosive-engine, a umping element, a clutch device o erative y connecting such element with t e engine-shaft, a fly-wheel'arranged to be con- IIO nected with the pumping element by the clutch device, an adjusting device', and means arranged to cause the pum ing element to act as aprime mover and rive the engineshaft when such device is in one position, and Whensuch device is shifted to another p'osition to cause the pumpingelement to .feed

`explosive mixture to the engine.

g Y 7 The combination of an explosive-engine, a pumpin element operatively connect- Y ed With-'the sha of the engine, a set of valves for the pumping element, a set of cams actui -ated from t e engine-shaft and arranged to operate said valves to cause the pumping element to feed explosive mixture to the engine, a set of cams actuated from the engineshaft and arranged to cause the pumping element tojoperate as an ex losive-engine and thereby drive the engine-s iaft, and means for shiftin the sets of cams into position to operste t e valves.

. 8. The vcombination of an explosiveengine, a pumping element operatively connected vvi th the shaft ofthe engine, a set of valves forA thepuinping element, a second shaft connected from the engine-shaft, a set of cams onthe second shaft arranged to operate said valves and cause the pumping element to-feed vexplosive mixture to the engine, a second set of cams on the second shaft arranged to cause the pumping'element to operate as an explosive -engine and drive said engine-shaft, a

third set. of cams on said second shaft arranged t'o'operate said valves to cause the pumpingelement to feed air to said explosive-engine, and means for shifting the second shaftzto bring the said sets of cams alternately into position to operate the valves.

The combination of an explosive-engine, a pumping element operatively connected-With the engine-shaft, an adjusting device,v and means arranged to cause the pumpingelement to act as an explosive-engine anddiive the engine-shaft when said device isi'n'joiie position, and when said device Ashifted another position to cause the pumping element to feed explosive mixture 10.`Y The combination of an explosive-engine aI pumping element operatively connected jv'viththe shaft of the engine, a set of valvesfor'the pumping element, means for loperatirig'said valves from the engine-shaft to fcauseftlie pumping element to feed explodevice is in one position, and when such device is shifted to another osition to cause the pumping element to'fee the mixture to the explosive-engine.

13. The combination of an explosive-engine, a pumping element operatively connected With the shaft of the engine, a set of valves for the pumping element, cams actuated from. the engine-shaft arranged to operate said valves to cause the pumping element to feed explosive mixture to the engine, and

-an adjusting member arranged to shift said cams and operate the valves to cause the pumping element to operate as an explosiveengine, and thereby drive the engine-shaft.

14. The combination of an explosive-engine, a pumping element, a clutch device o eratively connecting such element with t e engine-shaft, an adjusting device, and means arranged to cause the umping element t0 act as an explosive-engine and drive the engine shaft when said device is in one position,

and when said device is shifted to another position to cause the pumping element to feed exploslve mixture to the engine.

lioo

15. .The combination of an explosive-eni gine, a pumping element, a speed-changing device operatively connecting such element with the engine-shaft, an adjusting device, and means arranged to cause the pumping element to act as an explosive-engine and drive the engine-shaft When such device is in one position, and when such device is shifted to another position, to cause the pumping element to feed explosive mixture to the engine.

16. The combination of an explosive-engine, a pumping element, a clutch-operated speed-changing device operatively connecting such element With the-engin'e-shaft, an adjusting device, and means arranged to cause the pumping element to act as an explosive-engine and drive the Pngine-shaft When said device is in one position, and when said device is shifted to another position to cause the pumping element to feed explosive mixture to the engine.

Signed at Nos. 9 tol 15 Murray street, New York, N. Y., this 8th day of March, 1904.

HENRY F. BLACKWELL.

Witnesses:

FRED. J. DOLE, JOHN O SEIFERT. 

